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Installing a Life of Field Seismic system on Ekofisk will help understand reservoir depletion and ensure future production wells are drilled where there is still oil left.
This second article on marine seismic sources summarises salient points on marine air-gun arrays and their radiation characteristics.
This series on marine seismic sources will summarize salient points for geoscientists who need to sharpen their rusty skills in seismic source technology. It will also discuss the effect seismic sources have on marine life.
This article discusses the linkage between 4D seismic responses and geomechanics. Exploitation of this relationship has helped reduce development costs and maximize recovery from the compacting Valhall reservoir.
The Valhall permanent seismic array (Life of Field Seismic; LoFS) has successfully provided easy access to high quality 4D images for the purpose of improving oil recovery.
In 2008 the Optowave fibre-optic seismic sensor cable was trenched at the StatoilHydro-operated Snorre field with the aim of achieving insight into installation, data acquisition and monitoring procedures. The Snorre pilot demonstrated ‘real time' data transfer and quality control - the fundamental requirement for reservoir monitoring ‘on demand'.
Permanent seismic monitoring is an emerging market with significant potential. Who are the major players and what has been done to validate the Optowave technology? This article has been designed to get you up to speed with this important development.
Fibre optic sensing technology offers the potential for a cost-effective, reliable reservoir monitoring system as an alternative to seismic systems based on electronics. Interested in learning about fibre optic seismic sensors? This article has been designed to get you started.
"Coil shooting" is a cost-effective technique towards better imaging over small to medium sized exploration areas. Encouraging results may lead to a rapid increase in the next 5+ years.
Radio waves from satellites can now be used to measure miniscule movements at the Earth's surface at a millimetre level. The method has gained wide acceptance for several scientific purposes, but also has definite potential for use in reservoir management.
Over the last decade we have experienced several step-changes in marine seismic acquisition technologies. Because acquisition and seismic imaging are inextricably linked, these changes have impacted positively on the seismic image of subsurface geology. But have we found the ultimate acquisition technique? In this article, we speculate what the future may bring.
Ocean bottom seismic (OBS) produces superior seismic images compared to those from conventional 3D streamer seismic. OBS acquisition offers the prospect of full illumination and high multiplicity of signals from the same subsurface points (high data fold).
Seismic imaging is considered key to reducing risk and cost in exploratory
as well as development drilling. Seismic acquisition geometry impacts the seismic image, so in this article we show how advances in imaging deepwater subsalt plays in the deep water Gulf of Mexico is a result of the way the industry has embraced the wide azimuth streamer survey technique.
Salt structures come in every possible shape and stretch our imagination.
This means difficulties in seismic imaging, but it also means that the innovative explorationist can look for spectacular traps.
Seismic imaging is considered key to reduce risk and cost in exploratory as well as development drilling. Although we have recently seen important advances, the authors claim that a step change is required to significantly improve the industry’s ability to obtain accurate seismic images of oil and gas reservoirs within geologically complex settings.
Passive low-frequency seismic is an area of active research and development, and
is rapidly being taken up as a new direct hydrocarbon indicator (DHI) technique for
exploration.
Cave technology, designed for aiding seismic interpretation, is
opening new windows on the understanding of rocks in the field.
Seismic monitoring is an important technology in the effectiveexploitation
of reservoirs in existing fields. The successful furtheruptake
of 4D technology requires extensive training of dedicatedpersonnel,
while the biggest challenge in 4D technology developmentis
to produce high vertical resolution 4D images of production.
Time-lapse seismic is now a proven technology for monitoring fluid
movements and identifying undrained compartments in thick offshore
clastic reservoirs. Several challenges still exist, however, in
particular the use of the technology for carbonate and thin-bedded
clastic reservoirs.
PgS claims to have built a marine seismic streamer that is capable
of removing receiver ghosts, thereby enhancing frequency bandwidth
and seismic resolution. if proven by full-scale field tests, this
could be a major break-through in seismic acquisition.
From being a tool mainly for the prediction of petroleum maturation,
basin modelling has become a fundamental process in almost
all aspects of the analysis of petroleum systems.
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